Glossary

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Term	Definition
amphigynous	The antheridium is said to be amphigynous when it encircles the oogonial stalk, a condition brought on by the growth of the oogonial initial through the antheridial initial. Compare with paragynous.
antheridium	The male gametangium; a multinucleate, swollen hyphal tip affixed firmly to the basal side of the oogonium.
aplerotic	Not filled up. Refers to species of the Pythiaceae in which the oospore does not fill the oogonium. Compare with plerotic.
bleeding	The oozing of dark reddish-brown droplets of liquid through the bark.
blight	A disease characterized by rapid and extensive death of plant foliage. A general term applied to any of a wide range of unrelated plant diseases. (e.g., chestnut blight, fireblight, late blight, halo blight).
bole	The trunk of a tree, particularly a large tree with a distinct trunk.
bullate	Having bubble- or blister-like swellings
caducous	Pertaining to sporangia that become dislodged readily and separate from the sporangiophore (in contrast to being persistent).
canker	A plant disease characterized (in woody plants) by the death of cambium tissue and loss and/or malformation of bark, or (in non-woody plants) by the formation of sharply delineated, dry, necrotic, localized lesions on the stem; "canker" may also be used to refer to the lesion itself, particularly in woody plants
chlamydospore	An asexual spore, usually globose but occasionally ovoid, that is delimited from the mycelium by a septum; may be terminal or intercalary with a thickened inner wall; survives for long periods in soil.
clade	A taxonomic group of organisms classified together on the basis of homologous features traced to a common ancestor.
clonal lineage	A population of clonally reproducing individuals that descended from the same ancestor.
close sympodium	A simple sympodium in which the sporangiophores are very short. A clustered sympodium has short sporangiophores as well as short nodes between them.
collar	The portion of the seedling or plant near the surface of the soil; in grafted woody plants, the scion portion of the plant near the soil surface.
compound sympodium	A sympodium with a branched hyphal system from which the sporangiophores initiate, can be irregular or regular. Cf. simple sympodium.
crown	The junction of root and stem of a plant, usually at the soil line; in grafted woody plants, the rootstock portion of the plant near the soil surface.
cyst	An encysted zoospore, a short-lived resting structure enclosed within a cell wall.
decline	Plants are unthrifty and fail to grow, or the canopy may become “thin” due to loss of foliage. This is a gradual process that may take place over a period of several years.
dieback	Progressive death of shoots, leaves, or roots, beginning at the tips.
ellipsoid	Refers to a solid body that forms an ellipse in the longitudinal plane and a circle in cross section. Many fungal spores are ellipsoidal or elliptic.
encyst	To form a cyst or protective covering
exit pore	The opening through which zoospores pass when leaving a sporangium; papillate and semipapillate sporangia have exit pores 5 to 7 µm wide; the exit pores of nonpapillate sporangia are about 12 µm wide.
extended proliferation	A type of internal proliferation in which the sporangiophore originates inside an empty sporangium, and continues to grow through and out of the old sporangium.
external proliferation	External proliferation occurs from growth of a sporangiophore from beneath and external to a sporangium. Cf. extended proliferation.
flag	Isolated, wilted or necrotic branch with dead leaves attached.
flagellum	Whiplike or tinsel-like appendage of a zoospore that provides locomotion. (Pl. flagella)
foliar	Pertaining to leaves.
fusiform	Spindle-shaped; tapering at each end.
globose	To have a rounded form resembling that of a sphere.
heterothallic	Pertaining to sexual reproduction in which mating is possible only through interaction of different mating types.
homothallic	Pertaining to sexual reproduction that can take place without the interaction of two different mating types.
hypha	Single, tubular filament of a fungal (or oomycete) thallus or mycelium; the basic structural unit of a fungus. (Pl. hyphae)
hyphal swelling	Globular swelling that forms at a branch point or within the mycelium. It is by definition (Blackwell 1949) not separated from the coenocytic mycelium by a septum. When separated by a septum and having a thickened inner wall, it is termed a chlamydospore.
intercalary	Positioned within a hypha, not terminally.
internal proliferation	Internal proliferation occurs when the sporangiophore continues to grow through the empty sporangium.
lax sympodium	A sympodium in which the sporangiophores are long and loosely arranged. Compare with close sympodium.

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