<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">C.M. Brasier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gibbs, J. N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An unusual Phytophthora associated with widespread alder mortality in Britain</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AGRICULTURAL pests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALDER</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ALDER – Diseases &amp; pests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">GREAT Britain</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PLANT diseases</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1995</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1995.tb02658.x/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">999 - 1007</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;During 1993 and 1994 an unusual &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; was consistently isolated from bark lesions at the stem bases of dying alder in Southern Britain. The &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; resembles &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; in both its gametangial and sporangial morphology. However, it is distinct from this species in being homothallic rather than outcrossing; in producing a significant proportion of small and sometimes partially developed oogonia; in having a high frequency of oosphere abortion; in having an appressed felty colony type with little or no aerial mycelium; and in exhibiting a lower optimum temperature for growth (c.22.5°C) and lower growth temperature maximum (c.29°C) on carrot agar than &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; (c.27.5° and 33.5°C respectively). An inoculation test confirmed its pathogenicity to &lt;em&gt;Alnus&lt;/em&gt;. The status of the alder &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; is discussed. On the basis of its unusual characteristics and unusual host it is suggested that it might be a new or recently introduced organism rather than a previously unrecorded indigenous variant of &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jules, E. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Steenbock, C. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carroll, A. L.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vannini, Á.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Update on the 35-year expansion of the invasive root pathogen, Phytophthora lateralis, across a landscape of Port Orford cedar (Chamaecyparis lawsoniana)</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For. Path.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/efp.12158</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">165-168</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Port Orford cedar (&lt;em&gt;Chamaecyparis lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt;) is endemic to northern California and southwestern Oregon and is considered a foundation species that plays critical roles in riparian areas and on nutrient-poor soils. Since 1952, a non-native, pathogenic oomycete (&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora lateralis&lt;/em&gt;) has been spreading throughout the range of the cedar. Most spread occurs by vehicles carrying infested soil along gravel roads primarily used for timber harvest. In a previous study conducted in 1998 and 1999, Port Orford cedar and &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;lateralis&lt;/em&gt; were censused in a 37-km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; study area and dendrochronology was used to reconstruct the history of pathogen invasion. That work, which represents the only detailed analysis of spread rates for &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;lateralis&lt;/em&gt;, showed that the first successful invasion into the study area took place in 1977 and that 43% of the susceptible host sites (stream crossings) were infested by 1999. In the work presented here, all sites that were uninfested in 1999 were re-censused in 2012, extending the historical reconstruction of &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; spread to 35&amp;nbsp;years. Two new infestations were initiated between 1999 and 2012, suggesting that the rate of spread of &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; has slowed greatly. Between 1980 and 1989, the average number of new site infestations was 1.8 infestations per year, while between 1990 and 1999 the average was 0.4 infestations per year and between 2000 and 2009 the average was 0.2 infestations per year. Several potential explanations for the reduced number of new infestations are discussed.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lebert, H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cohn, F</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Über die Fäule der Cactusstämme</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bietr. Biol. Pflantz</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1870</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">51-57</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McAlonan, M.J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">An undescribed Phytophthora sp. recovered from beneath stands of Pinus radiata.</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1970</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Auckland University</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">MS</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">mastersMS</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rolando, Carol</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gaskin, Robyn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Horgan, David</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, Nari</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bader, Martin</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The use of adjuvants to improve uptake of phosphorous acid applied to Pinus radiata needles for control of foliar Phytophthora diseases</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand Journal of Forestry Science</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">New Zealand J For SciNew Zealand Journal of Forestry Science</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-01-2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.nzjforestryscience.com/content/44/1/8</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">44</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div class=&quot;collapsible-content&quot;&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Background&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 160%;&quot;&gt;Phosphorous acid is being investigated as a fungicide for the management of a needle disease caused by &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; in &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; in New Zealand. However, little is known about the penetration characteristics of this fungicide into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; foliage. This study was undertaken to determine: i) the penetration characteristics of a commercial phosphorous acid formulation, applied at 3&amp;nbsp;kg&amp;nbsp;ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; and 12&amp;nbsp;kg&amp;nbsp;ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; in 100&amp;nbsp;L water, into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; foliage and, ii) the effect of four commercially available adjuvants on phosphorous acid uptake into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; foliage. Efficacy of the best treatment was tested in vitro with two &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species, &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora kernoviae&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Methods&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 160%;&quot;&gt;Foliar uptake of orthophosphoric acid radio-labelled with [&lt;sup&gt;32&lt;/sup&gt;P] was used to determine penetration characteristics of phosphorous acid as affected by the adjuvants tested. Needles collected from potted &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; plants sprayed with the best performing treatment were used in a detached needle assay, where treated needles were exposed to the zoospores of the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species being tested.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Results&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 160%;&quot;&gt;Uptake of the phosphorous acid formulation into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; needles applied without adjuvants was low (3.9-6.6%) at both concentrations tested. An alcohol ethoxylate adjuvant (applied at 0.2%) and two organosilicone adjuvants (applied at 0.2%) were found to significantly increase uptake of the fungicide over that applied alone or in combination with pinolene (applied at 0.35%). Highest uptake of phosphorous acid into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; foliage (51.6%) occurred over a period of 72&amp;nbsp;hours when the phosphorous acid was applied at the equivalent of 12&amp;nbsp;kg&amp;nbsp;ha&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; with an organosilicone blend adjuvant at 0.2%. A significant reduction in lesion length on infected needles was found relative to the control when the two phosphorous acid treatments were applied with 0.2% organosilicone blend adjuvant. However, there were no significant differences in lesion length between the two treatments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h4&gt;Conclusions&lt;/h4&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;line-height: 160%;&quot;&gt;These results show that an organosilicone adjuvant significantly enhances uptake of phosphorous acid into &lt;em&gt;Pinus radiata&lt;/em&gt; needles and may increase its efficacy against &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></issue></record></records></xml>