<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.M. Vettraino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Vannini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scotch broom: a new host of Phytophthora megasperma in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00839.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">417–417</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.M. Vettraino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barzanti, G. P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bianco, M. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragazzi, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Capretti, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Paoletti, E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Luisi, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anselmi, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Vannini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Occurrence of Phytophthora species in oak stands in Italy and their association with declining oak trees</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2002</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-0329.2002.00264.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd.</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">32</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">19–28</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Soil-borne species of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; were isolated from 19 of 30 examined oak forest areas in Italy. The frequency of isolated &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; spp. (35.2%) was significantly correlated with soil pH and longitude of the sites. Eleven &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species were detected. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cambivora&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. cinnamomi&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; were recovered from sites in central and southern Italy whereas &lt;em&gt;P. quercina&lt;/em&gt; was isolated in the northern and central part of the country. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora citricola&lt;/em&gt; occurred all over Italy. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora quercina&lt;/em&gt; was the only species significantly associated with declining oak trees.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.M. Vettraino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Belisario, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maccaroni, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Vannini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Evaluation of root damage to English walnut caused by five Phytophthora species</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English walnut</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Juglans regia</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">pathogenicity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soilborne pathogens</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">walnut decline</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2003</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2003.00864.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Science Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">52</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">491–495</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The pathogenicity of five species of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; to English walnut was studied in a greenhouse experiment. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cinnamomi&lt;/em&gt; was the most aggressive species, causing severe root rot and seedling mortality. The other species tested, &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. citricola&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. cryptogea&lt;/em&gt;, did not induce visible crown symptoms on seedlings 2 months after inoculation. Some strains of &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; also caused taproot damage to seedlings. All except one of the tested isolates caused significant necrosis of fine roots and a significant reduction of root weight compared with noninoculated seedlings. Reduction of above-ground plant development was not statistically significant. While &lt;em&gt;P. cinnamomi&lt;/em&gt; is well known as an aggressive primary pathogen of English walnut, the other species of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; may act as predisposing factors to walnut decline, affecting root system development and increasing host vulnerability to environmental stress.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.M. Vettraino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. Jung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A. Vannini</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First report of Phytophthora cactorum associated with beech decline in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12/2008</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">92</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1708 - 1708</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;During 2006 and 2007, declining mature beech trees (&lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt;) were recorded in two stands in the Natural Park of Monti Cimini in central Italy. Symptoms included crown thinning and the presence of bleeding lesions on the main roots and lower stem. Incidence of decline was approximately 5%. Samples of necrotic bark tissue were collected, cut into 5 mm long segments, plated on PARPNH, and incubated at 20°C (1). &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; isolates were obtained from necrotic tissues of 25% of the sampled declining trees. Colonies were rosaceous on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and homothallic. Papillate, ovoid-to-obpyriform, caducous sporangia (mean 38 × 26.2 μm) were produced in soil extract. Oospores were plerotic (mean diameter of 22 to 32 μm) and antheridia paragynous. Optimum growth temperature was 23 to 25°C, minimum 6 to 8°C and maximum 30 to 33°C. A portion of the internal transcribed spacer sequence has been deposited in the NCBI database (GenBank Accession No. FJ183724). A BLAST search of the NCBI database revealed &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cactorum&lt;/em&gt;, Accession No. EU194384, as the closest match with 100% sequence similarity. Pathogenicity of two isolates, PFE3 and IFB-CAC 38, collected from distressed beech trees was tested using a soil infestation test (10 beech seedlings per isolate and control) and an under the bark inoculation method (10 twigs per isolate and controls, wounded and noninoculated taken from a declining beech tree) (2). After 2 weeks at 20°C, twigs and seedlings inoculated with each isolate developed extensive necrotic lesions around the inoculation sites and the collar, respectively, and &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; could be reisolated from all lesions. Controls showed no symptoms. &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; is widespread in declining beech forests in central Europe (1). In Italy, &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; occurs in soils of chestnut and oak forests and was isolated from collar and root lesions of declining walnut trees (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of &lt;em&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/em&gt; being associated with declining beech trees in Italy.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A.M. Vettraino</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hüberli, D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garbelotto, M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora ramorum infection of coast live oak leaves in Californian forests and its capacity to sporulate in vitro</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Australasian Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/AP07085</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">37</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72-73</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Coast live oak (&lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;Quercus agrifolia&lt;/em&gt;) is a known host for &lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt;, the casual agent of sudden oak death in California, with symptoms expressed as necrotic stem cankers. In the forest, leaves on two saplings in California were found to be infected with &lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; and these were associated with infected bay laurel (&lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;Umbellularia californica&lt;/em&gt;) trees. Coast live oak leaves supported sporulation and produced chlamydospores &lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt;. This is the first report to identify foliage of coast live oak as a source of infection of &lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; in the forest and its confirmation in &lt;em class=&quot;a-plus-plus&quot;&gt;in vitro&lt;/em&gt; inoculations.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>