<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginetti, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmignani, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragazzi, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moricca, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhytophthoraTaxon Pgchlamydo is a Cause of Shoot Blight and Root and Collar Rot of Viburnum tinus in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-10-2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0282-PDN</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1432 - 1432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The quarantine pathogen &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; has recently been found on dying &lt;em&gt;Viburnum tinus&lt;/em&gt; in the nursery area of Pistoia, central Italy (43°56′0″ N, 11°1′0″ E) (3). As part of a surveillance program aimed at detecting &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; in this area, the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo was consistently found associated with symptomatic &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt;. The crowns of these plants were wilted, and some plants also showed root and collar rot and underbark necrosis. Water courses adjacent to the nursery with the infected &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; were tested for the pathogen. Samples from seven symptomatic plants were placed on a selective V8A-PARPNH medium within 24 h from sampling. Tissue pieces (2 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) of 12 baits (apple fruits) exposed for a week in water bodies were plated on the same medium. Cottony colonies arose after 2 to 3 days of incubation at 23°C in the dark and were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) in purity. Mycelial DNA was extracted with a commercial kit (Sigma-Aldrich). The rDNA ITS region and a portion of the mtDNA &lt;em&gt;cox&lt;/em&gt;1 gene were PCR-amplified and the amplicons digested with the restriction enzymes &lt;em&gt;Msp&lt;/em&gt;I and &lt;em&gt;Alu&lt;/em&gt;I (for the ITS region) and &lt;em&gt;Rsa&lt;/em&gt;I (for the &lt;em&gt;cox&lt;/em&gt;1 gene region). Isolates R7 from &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt;, and ES2M5, ES2M11, and ES1M12 from the water bodies belonged to the same taxon based on restriction analysis of both DNA regions coupled with ITS-rDNA sequence homology (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ396773 to 76). A BLAST search in GenBank found that all isolates had a 99% identity in the ITS-rDNA with the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; ITS Clade 6 member &lt;em&gt;P.&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo. Sporangia produced after incubation in filtered pond water for 24 h were mostly ovoid (sometimes obpyriform), non-papillate, non-caducous. Some sporangia were emptied with external proliferation and had hyphal swellings. Thirty sporangia were measured and averaged 42.4 ± 6.2 × 29.9 ± 3.5 μm (range 30.0 to 56.1 × 22.5 to 38.0), with a length/width ratio of 1.4 ± 0.2 (1.2 to 2.0), and exit pores of 11.7 ± 1.5 μm (9.0 to 14.6). Optimum colony growth on V8A at 30°C was 4.4 ± 0.4 mm day&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, and the maximum temperature for growth was 32°C. Inoculation on twigs of &lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; produced necrotic lesions of 2.6 ± 0.5 cm (2.1 to 3.5) and 4.7± 0.5 cm (3.8 to 5.6) respectively after 3 weeks of incubation at 23°C in the dark. Inoculation on &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; leaves resulted in lesions averaging 3.3 ± 1.1 × 2.1 ± 0.6 cm (range 2 to 5 × 1.5 to 3) after 2 weeks of incubation at 23°C in the dark. Control plant material showed no symptoms.The &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo has been reported on several ornamental and woody species, including &lt;em&gt;Arctostaphylos&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Camellia&lt;/em&gt; spp., &lt;em&gt;Laurus nobilis, Buxus sempervirens, Rhododendron&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Arbutus unedo, Prunus&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Pseudotsuga&lt;/em&gt; sp., and &lt;em&gt;Sequoia sempervirens&lt;/em&gt;, in North America and Europe (1,2). This is the first report, to our knowledge, of this taxon on &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; in Italy. &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; is widely sold in European nurseries, and it is also one of the most common hosts of &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; (4). The fact that &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; is a host for both oomycetes, and the two microorganisms induce a similar symptomology (wilt), might complicate the control efforts of the phytosanitary inspection services aimed at restricting &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; foci in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginetti, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moricca, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Squires, J. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cooke, D. E. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragazzi, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jung, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora acerina sp. nov., a new species causing bleeding cankers and dieback of Acer pseudoplatanus trees in planted forests in northern Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">biosecurity</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Clade 2</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasive</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">nursery pathway</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">phylogeny</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora citricola</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">08/2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12153</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">63</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">858–876</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;A severe dieback of &lt;em&gt;Acer pseudoplatanus&lt;/em&gt; trees was noticed in planted forest stands in northern Italy in 2010. Affected trees showed collar rot and aerial bleeding cankers along the stems, leading to crown dieback and eventually death. An unknown &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species was consistently isolated from necrotic bark and xylem tissue and from rhizosphere soil. Based on its unique combination of morphological and physiological characters and phylogenetic analysis, this new taxon is here described as &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora acerina&lt;/em&gt; sp. nov. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS,&lt;em&gt; cox1&lt;/em&gt; and β-tubulin gene regions demonstrated that &lt;em&gt;P. acerina&lt;/em&gt; is unique and forms a separate cluster within the ‘&lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;citricola&lt;/em&gt; complex’, closely related to &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;plurivora&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora acerina&lt;/em&gt; is homothallic with smooth-walled oogonia, thick-walled, mostly aplerotic oospores with a high abortion rate, paragynous antheridia, and persistent, morphologically variable semipapillate sporangia. Four to 5-week-old cultures produced globose to subglobose, appressoria-like and coralloid hyphal swellings and characteristic stromata-like hyphal aggregations. Optimum and maximum temperatures for growth are 25°C and 32°C, respectively. Genetic uniformity of all 15 studied isolates and the apparent absence of this species in the extensive surveys of nurseries, forests and seminatural ecosystems conducted in the previous two decades across Europe indicate a recent clonal introduction to northern Italy. Under-bark inoculation tests demonstrated high aggressiveness of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;acerina&lt;/em&gt; to &lt;em&gt;A.&amp;nbsp;pseudoplatanus&lt;/em&gt; indicating that this pathogen might be a serious risk to maple plantations and forests in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record></records></xml>