<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tainter, F. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">O’Brien, J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hernández, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orozco, F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rebolledo, O.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora cinnamomi as a cause of oak mortality in the state of Colima, Mexico</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2000</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS.2000.84.4.394</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">84</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">394-398</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Talgø, V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Toppe, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Klemsdal, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensvand, A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First report of root rot and stem canker caused by Phytophthora cambivora on noble fir (Abies procera) for bough production in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PD-90-0682B</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">90</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">682-682</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In 2004, damages resembling those caused by &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; spp. were observed in a 15-year-old bough plantation of noble fir (&lt;em&gt;Abies procera&lt;/em&gt;). When removing bark upward from the roots and base of a diseased tree, a reddish brown discoloration with distinct borders to surrounding wood appeared. The discoloration extended approximately 1.5 m above ground, but only on one side of the stem. This resulted in dead basal branches (flagging) on the cankered side of the tree. Other dying trees in the same field did not show flagging symptoms but turned chlorotic to brown after being girdled by the expanding stem canker. Approximately 25% of the trees were dead or dying. Isolations were carried out from the area between healthy and diseased tissue both from roots and base of the stem of the tree with flagging symptoms. Samples were rinsed in running tap water and plated on the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; selective medium PARP (17 g of cornmeal agar, 10 mg of pimaricin, 250 mg of ampicillin, 10 mg of rifampicin, and 100 mg of pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB) in 1 liter of water), with and without hymexazol added (50 mg/l). Morphological characters of the isolated Phytophthora sp. included nonpapillate sporangia (37 to 64 μm), internal proliferation, and characteristic hyphal swellings. The isolate was heterothallic and produced amphigynous antheridia when crossed with tester strains of &lt;em&gt;P. cryptogea&lt;/em&gt;. The mating type was A2. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences were identical to &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; (GenBank Accession No. AY880985). Thus, both morphological characters and DNA analysis supported the species identification. A pathogenesis test to fulfill Koch’s postulate was carried out during 2005. Inoculation was done by placing agar with culture in the growth medium close to the roots of noble fir seedlings. Eleven weeks after inoculation, clearly visible stem canker symptoms were observed. The ITS sequences of the reisolated &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; sp. were determined and found identical to &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; was reported to cause root rot and stem canker in a noble fir Christmas tree plantation in the United States (1). &lt;em&gt;P. citricola&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. citrophthora&lt;/em&gt; are known to cause problems on Lawson Falsecypress/Port-Orford-cedar (&lt;em&gt;Chamaecyparis lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt;) in Norway, but damages by &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; spp. have never been reported in &lt;em&gt;Abies&lt;/em&gt; spp. plantations or forest stands in Norway. Currently, we are also working on &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; problems discovered in two different Christmas tree plantations (&lt;em&gt;A. lasiocarpa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;A. nordmanniana&lt;/em&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tchameni, Séverin Nguemezi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nwaga, Dieudonné</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Wakam, Louise Nana</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mangaptche Ngonkeu, Eddy Leonard</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fokom, Raymond</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuaté, Jean</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Etoa, Francois-Xavier</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth enhancement, amino acid synthesis and reduction in susceptibility towards Phytophthora megakarya by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation in cocoa plants</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phytopathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">amino acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">cocoa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora megakarya</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">plant disease</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2012.01888.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">160</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">220–228</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The effects of some selected arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, &lt;em&gt;Gigaspora margarita&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Glomus mossae&lt;/em&gt; on the growth and the role of soluble amino acids of two contrasting cocoa cultivars (ICS84 tolerant and SNK10 sensitive) against black pod disease caused by &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora megakarya&lt;/em&gt; were investigated. Root colonization by AM fungi is between 50 and 70% 18¬†weeks after planting. Tested AM fungi significantly increased all the plant growth parameters (height, number of leaves, shoot and root matter) and P uptake as compared to non-inoculated plants in pot experiments. AM fungi inoculated cocoa reduced the disease severity. Compared to the control, the soluble amino acid levels increased with inoculation of the AM fungi strains in the necrotic stems of disease on inoculated cocoa plants. Significant relationships between amino acids and disease severity observed for two cocoa cultivars imply that the induction of specific amino acids synthesized by leaves, such as arginine, cysteine and glutamic acid, may represent potential candidate molecules for adaptation of such cultivars to &lt;em&gt;P. megakarya&lt;/em&gt; disease. Inoculating seedlings with AMF in nurseries could enhance the development of cocoa plants protected against &lt;em&gt;P. megakarya&lt;/em&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Telfer, K. H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Brurberg, M. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Herrero, M.-L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Stensvand, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ø, V.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Desprez-Loustau, M.-L.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora cambivora found on beech in Norway</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For. Path.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-10-2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/efp.2015.45.issue-5http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/efp.12215http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fefp.12215</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">45</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">415 - 425</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In 2011, &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cambivora&lt;/em&gt; was isolated for the first time from a European beech (&lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt;) in the largest beech forest in Norway, in Larvik. This led to a survey of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt;, both in Larvik and in a small beech stand in Ås. Both locations are in urban areas&amp;nbsp;in south-eastern Norway. Trees with a circumference above 20&amp;nbsp;cm at chest height were examined for bleeding cankers. Samples from the leading edge of canker wounds were collected from selected trees in both locations and isolations were carried out on a &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora-&lt;/em&gt;selective medium. Quantification of diseased trees in three areas of the forest in Larvik showed a variation from 1.8 to 22.7% trees with bleeding cankers. In Ås, 9.2% of the trees had bleeding cankers. Isolation from diseased beech in both Larvik and Ås yielded &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;cambivora&lt;/em&gt;. Inoculation of healthy trees, subsequent development of disease and re-isolation of the pathogen confirmed the pathogenicity of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;cambivora&lt;/em&gt;. Description of morphological features of one of the obtained isolates is included.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christoph Tellenbach</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mark W. Sumarah</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Christoph R. Grünig</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J. David Miller</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inhibition of Phytophthora species by secondary metabolites produced by the dark septate endophyte Phialocephala europaea</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal Ecology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sclerotinin A</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1754504812001286</style></url></web-urls></urls><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">-</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Dark septate fungal root endophytes of the &lt;em&gt;Phialocephala fortinii&lt;/em&gt; s.l.–&lt;em&gt;Acephala applanata&lt;/em&gt; species complex (PAC) are widely distributed throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Previous studies have shown that some PAC members are pathogenic, others suppress oomycete root pathogens and some have no obvious effect on their Norway spruce (&lt;em&gt;Picea abies&lt;/em&gt;) host. The activity of 85 PAC isolates against &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora citricola&lt;/em&gt; s.l. was investigated by co-culture on plates. We identified a strain of &lt;em&gt;Phialocephala europaea&lt;/em&gt; that significantly reduced the growth of &lt;em&gt;P. citricola in&amp;nbsp;vitro&lt;/em&gt;. Characterization of its extracellular metabolites resulted in the identification of four major compounds, sclerin, sclerolide, sclerotinin A, and sclerotinin B. These compounds are known for their positive as well as negative effects on plant growth. We found that sclerin and sclerotinin inhibited the growth of &lt;em&gt;P. citricola in&amp;nbsp;vitro&lt;/em&gt; at 150&amp;nbsp;μg&amp;nbsp;ml&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; (\~{}1&amp;nbsp;mM). This is the first report of their production by &lt;em&gt;Phialocephala&lt;/em&gt; and of activity of these compounds against an oomycete. Therefore, our data suggest that some PAC might reduce disease resulting from &lt;em&gt;P. citricola&lt;/em&gt; by the production of antibiotics and plant growth promoting metabolites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Than, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hughes, K. J. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boonhan, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomlinson, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Woodhall, J. W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bellgard, S.E.</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Andrea, V.</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">A TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the detection of Phytophthora ‘taxon Agathis’ in soil, pathogen of Kauri in New Zealand</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For. Path.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">04/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/efp.12034/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">324–330</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Kauri &lt;em&gt;Agathis australis&lt;/em&gt;, an iconic tree of New Zealand, is under threat from an introduced disease-causing pathogen provisionally named &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; ‘taxon Agathis’ (referred to as PTA). This soilborne, Pythiaceous species belongs to the Chromista and causes a collar rot resulting in yellowing of the foliage and thinning of the canopy, which eventually causes death of the infected tree. The management and containment of this pathogen requires rapid and reliable detection in the soil. The current method for soil detection utilizes a soil bioassay involving lupin baits and soil flooding in a process that takes between ten and twenty days. We describe a real-time PCR assay based on TaqMan chemistry for the specific detection of PTA, which targets the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the nuclear ribosomal DNA. This TaqMan real-time PCR assay could be used with DNA extracted directly from bulk soil samples to enable rapid quantification of PTA within soil. The detection limit was 2&amp;nbsp;fg of PTA DNA from pure culture, or 20&amp;nbsp;fg in the presence of DNA extracted from soil. The assay was validated using soil samples taken from a PTA-infested site and soil spiked with a known concentration of oospores. We conclude that the TaqMan real-time PCR assay offers a more time-efficient method for detection of PTA in soil than existing methods.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thoirain, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husson, C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marçais, B.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Risk factors for the Phytophthora-induced decline of alder in northeastern France</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PHYTO-97-0099</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">97</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99-105</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tkaczyk, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nowakowska, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oszako, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora species isolated from ash stands in Białowieża Forest nature reserve</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">For. Path.</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-06-2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/efp.12295http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fefp.12295</style></url></web-urls></urls><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Five &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species were isolated from the rhizosphere of ash-dominated areas of the Białowieza European lowland forest nature reserve area. Morphological and DNA analyses identified &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora fragariaefolia&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; P.&amp;nbsp;plurivora&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; P.&amp;nbsp;cactorum&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; P.&amp;nbsp;lacustris&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;pseudosyringae&lt;/em&gt;. This is the first record of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;fragariaefolia&lt;/em&gt; in ash forests and demonstrates that several species in the potentially highly damaging &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; genus are present within a near-pristine ecosystem.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tomlinson, J. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boonham, N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hughes, K. J. D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Griffin, R. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barker, I.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">On-Site DNA Extraction and Real-Time PCR for Detection of Phytophthora ramorum in the FieldABSTRACT</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">AEM</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-11-2005</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16269700/</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">71</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6702 - 6710</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Phytophthora ramorum is a recently described pathogen causing oak mortality (sudden oak death) in forests in coastal areas of California and southern Oregon and dieback and leaf blight in a range of tree, shrub, and herbaceous species in the United States and Europe. Due to the threat posed by this organism, stringent quarantine regulations are in place, which restrict the movement of a number of hosts. Fast and accurate diagnostic tests are required in order to characterize the distribution of P. ramorum, prevent its introduction into pathogen-free areas, and minimize its spread within affected areas. However, sending samples to a laboratory for testing can cause a substantial delay between sampling and diagnosis. A rapid and simple DNA extraction method was developed for use at the point of sampling and used to extract DNAs from symptomatic foliage and stems in the field. A sensitive and specific single-round real-time PCR (TaqMan) assay for P. ramorum was performed using a portable real-time PCR platform (Cepheid SmartCycler II), and a cost-effective method for stabilizing PCR reagents was developed to allow their storage and transportation at room temperature. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a method for DNA extraction and molecular testing for a plant pathogen carried out entirely in the field, independent of any laboratory facilities.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooley, Paul W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carras, Marie M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Enhanced recovery of Phytophthora ramorum from soil following 30 Days of storage at 4°C</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phytopathology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">chlamydospore</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ramorum blight</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2011.01810.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">no–no</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Chlamydospores of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; were used to infest field soil at densities ranging from 0.2 to 42 chlamydospores/cm3 soil. Recovery was determined by baiting with rhododendron leaf discs and dilution plating at time 0 and after 30&amp;nbsp;days of storage at 4°C, as recommended by USDA-APHIS. Baiting was slightly more sensitive than dilution plating in recovering &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; immediately following infestation of soil and allowed detection from samples infested with as little as 0.2&amp;nbsp;chlamydospores/cm3 compared with 1 chlamydospore/cm3 for dilution plating. After 30&amp;nbsp;days of infested soil storage at 4°C, &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; was detected at significantly (P&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.05) higher levels than at time 0 with both recovery methods. The results indicate that storage of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt;-infested soil at 4°C may allow for pathogen activity, such as sporangia production, which may enhance recovery from soil.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooley, Paul W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browning, Marsha</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The Effect of Exposure to Decreasing Relative Humidity on the Viability of Phytophthora ramorum sporangia</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phytopathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Phytopathol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug 2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/jph.12506 </style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">164</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">874 - 881</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sporangia of three isolates of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; representing three different clonal lineages were subjected to relative humidity (RH) levels between 80 and 100% for exposure periods ranging from 1 to 24&amp;nbsp;h at 20°C in darkness. Plastic containers (21.5&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;14.5&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;5&amp;nbsp;cm) were used as humidity chambers with 130&amp;nbsp;ml of glycerine solution added to each container. Glycerine concentrations corresponded to 100, 95, 90, 85 and 80% RH based on refractive index measurements. Sporangia suspensions were pipeted onto nitrile mesh squares (1.5&amp;nbsp;×&amp;nbsp;1.5&amp;nbsp;cm, 15 micron pore size) which were placed in the humidity chambers and incubated at 20°C in darkness. Following exposure periods of 1, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24&amp;nbsp;h, mesh squares were inverted onto Petri dishes of selective medium and sporangia germination assessed after 24 and 48&amp;nbsp;h. At 100% RH, we observed a mean value of 88% germination after 1&amp;nbsp;h exposure declining to 18% germination following 24&amp;nbsp;h incubation. At 95% RH, a steeper decline in germination was noted, with means ranging from 79% at 1&amp;nbsp;h to less than 1% at 24&amp;nbsp;h exposure. At 90% RH, no germination was noted after 8 or more h exposure, and values were 57%, 22% and 3% germination for the 1, 2 and 4&amp;nbsp;h exposures, respectively. Germination was only observed at 1&amp;nbsp;h exposure for both the 85% RH treatment (52% germination) and the 80% RH treatment (38% germination). The three isolates responded similarly&amp;nbsp;over the range of RH values tested. The germination response of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; sporangia to RH values between 80% and 100% was comparable to that reported for other &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species. Knowledge of conditions that affect &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; sporangia germination can shed light on pathogenesis and epidemic potential and lead to improved control recommendations.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11-12</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooley, Paul W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browning, Marsha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leighty, Robert M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Inoculum density relationships for infection of some eastern US forest species by Phytophthora ramorum</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phytopathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Phytopathol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2013</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">09/2013</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jph.12107/abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">161</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">595–603</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;div id=&quot;abstract&quot;&gt;Our objectives were to establish inoculum density relationships between &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; and selected hosts using detached leaf and whole-plant inoculations. Young plants and detached leaves of &lt;em&gt;Quercus prinus&lt;/em&gt; (Chestnut oak), &lt;em&gt;Q.&amp;nbsp;rubra&lt;/em&gt; (Northern red oak), &lt;em&gt;Acer rubrum&lt;/em&gt; (red maple), &lt;em&gt;Kalmia latifolia&lt;/em&gt; (mountain laurel) and &lt;em&gt;Rhododendron&lt;/em&gt; ‘Cunningham's White’ were dip-inoculated with varying numbers of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; sporangia, and the total number of diseased and healthy leaves recorded following incubation at 20°C and 100% relative humidity. Calibration threshold estimates for obtaining 50% infected leaves based on linear analysis ranged from 36 to 750 sporangia/ml for the five hosts. Half-life (LD50) estimates (the number of spores for which the per cent of diseased leaves reaches 50% of its total) from asymptotic regression analysis ranged from 94 to 319 sporangia/ml. Statistically significant differences (P&amp;nbsp;=&amp;nbsp;0.0076) were observed among hosts in per cent infection in response to increased inoculum density. Inoculum threshold estimates based on studies with detached leaves were comparable to those obtained using whole plants. The results provide estimates of inoculum levels necessary to cause disease on these five &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; hosts and will be useful in disease prediction and for development of pest risk assessments.&lt;/div&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tooley, Paul W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Browning, Marsha</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Leighty, Robert M.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Effects of Inoculum Density and Wounding on Stem Infection of Three Eastern US Forest Species by Phytophthora ramorum</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Phytopathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">J Phytopathol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-03-2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/jph.12251</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">162</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">683 - 689</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Seedlings of three Eastern US forest species &lt;em&gt;Quercus rubra&lt;/em&gt; (northern red oak), &lt;em&gt;Quercus prinus&lt;/em&gt; (chestnut oak) and &lt;em&gt;Acer rubrum&lt;/em&gt; (red maple) were inoculated by applying &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; sporangia to stems at different inoculum densities with and without wounding. Disease occurred in all treatments involving wounds, and no disease was observed in unwounded treatments. Younger seedlings (2–3&amp;nbsp;years old) did not differ significantly from older seedlings (5–6&amp;nbsp;years old) in disease incidence, but older seedlings sustained smaller lesions compared with younger seedlings. For both old and young seedlings, disease on wounded stems was observed down to the lowest sporangia concentration utilized (500 sporangia/ml for old seedlings and 100 sporangia/ml for young seedlings). The results show that in the presence of wounding, even very low sporangia concentrations can result in disease, and further suggest that wounding caused by insects and other factors may play an important role in &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; epidemiology in forest environments.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>32</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torgeson,DC</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epiphytology and etiology of a Phytophthora-induced root rot diseases of Chamaecyparis in Oregon</style></title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1953</style></year></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon State College</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corvallis, OR</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhD</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">72</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torgeson, D. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Young, Roy A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbrath, John A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora root rot diseases of Lawson cypress and other ornamentals</style></title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diseases and pests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ornamental trees</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1954</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://hdl.handle.net/1957/15349</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oregon State College. Agricultural Experiment Station</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Corvallis, OR</style></pub-location><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">18 p.</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Edward J. Trione</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sporulation and germination of Phytophthora lateralis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1974</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1974Abstracts/Phyto64_1531.htm</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">64</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1531-1533</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trione, E. J.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The pathology of Phytophthora lateralis on native Chamaecyparis lawsoniana</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1959</style></year></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">49</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">306–310</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Trzewik, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlikowska, T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Detection and identification of Phytophthora alni.</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2010</style></year></dates><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">75</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">655</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In 2004 Brasier et al. described new species–&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni&lt;/em&gt;, which was especially aeggressive to alder. Now, this &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; disease of alder is widely distributed in Europe as well as in Poland. In this research note we report on identification and detection of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; from water and soil samples using PCR method with species-specific primers. Dilution series of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; zoospore were used to test the potential sensitivity of the PCR detection methods. Zoospores of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; were produced by flooding of 1-week-old Frozen Pea Medium (FPM) cultures in Petri dishes with 30 ml distilled water. The dishes were incubated at 20 degrees C. After 5 days, sporangial production was checked using a binocular microscope and plates were placed at 4 degrees C for 1 h to enhance zoospore release. Zoospores were counted under the microscope using Burker’s cabin. A dilution series of zoospores ranging from 5 to 5000 per 200 microl was prepared in autoclaved distilled water and in 1 g samples of autoclaved soil. DNA was extracted from artificially infected water and soil, and purified using the CleanUp Kit (A&amp;amp;A Biotechnology). Zoospores of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; in the water were detected by PCR in 5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(2), 5 x 10(1) concentrations. In case of detecting spores in the artificially infected soil it succeeded only for two highest concentrations, i.e. 5 x 10(3), 5 x 10(2) and only when the DNA was additionally purified.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tucker, C. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Milbrath, J.A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Root rot of Chamaecyparis caused by a species of Phytophthora</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mycologia</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora lateralis</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1942</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.jstor.org/stable/3754945</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">34</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">94-103</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Türkölmez, Ş.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Derviş, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Çiftçi, O.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Serçe, Ç. U.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Report of Phytophthora chlamydospora Causing Root and Crown Rot on Almond (Prunus dulcis) Trees in Turkey</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-08-2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-02-16-0155-PDN</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">100</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1796 - 1796</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In June 2015, ∼10% of 10,000 8-year-old almond [&lt;em&gt;Prunus dulcis&lt;/em&gt; (Miller) D.A. Webb. cv. Ferragnes] trees grafted on the GF677 rootstock in a commercial almond orchard in Besni of Adıyaman Province, showed wilting and lack of vigor, with severely infected trees dying from root and crown rot. The incidence of infected trees on soils with poor water drainage was greater than that on well-drained soils. Crowns of symptomatic plants had a reddish brown discoloration in the inner bark with a sharp contrast between infected and healthy tissue. Most fine roots were completely rotted and the inner bark of infected larger roots showed similar discoloration. Tissue samples taken from the margins of crown and root lesions were placed on carrot agar (CA) amended with 5 mg of pimaricin, 250 mg of ampicillin, 10 mg of rifampicin, 100 mg of pentachloronitrobenzene, and 50 mg of hymexazol (P&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;ARPH) per liter. Plates were incubated for 5 days at 28°C in the dark and &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; was consistently isolated from the tissues. Isolates produced petaloid colonies and abundant spherical, thin-walled, intercalary but lateral and terminal chlamydospores (30 to 46 μm diameter, 38.5 μm average). Colonized agar discs were submerged in sterilized deionized water at 25°C. After incubation on submerged discs for 24 h, all isolates produced hyaline, nonpapillate, noncaducous sporangia of ovoid to obpyriform shape, with internal and external proliferation, 34.0 to 56.5 μm long, 26.5 to 39.5 μm wide, with a length/breadth ratio of 1.4 to 1.7, formed on simple, unbranched, occasionally sympodial sporangiophores. Globose to subglobose hyphal swellings in branched chains also formed in water. The optimum and maximum temperatures for mycelium growth on CA were 27 and 37°C, respectively. All these characteristics were similar to those described for &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; Brasier and Hansen &lt;em&gt;sp. nov.&lt;/em&gt; (Hansen et al. 2015), previously known as &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;. taxon Pgchlamydo. Genomic DNA was extracted from two representative isolates. The ITS region of rDNA was amplified using the ITS6/ITS4 primer pair and sequenced (GenBank KU647271 and KU647272). BLAST searches showed 99 to 100% identity to &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; isolates, including the type isolate P236 (99% identity) (AF541900) (Hansen et al. 2015), deposited in GenBank and &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt;-ID databases, which confirmed morphological identification. Primary roots of ten 1-year-old &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;dulcis&lt;/em&gt; cv. Ferragnes seedlings were wounded with a scalpel, and mycelial disks (3 per plant) of &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; grown on CA were placed under the cortical tissue, after removing 10 to 15 cm of soil around the root base. The inoculated and exposed roots were then covered with soil. &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; caused severe wilt and browning of leaves within 1 and 2 months and extensive root necrosis and rot after 2 months of incubation in a greenhouse. During this period, soil was kept wet by watering plants daily as required. Koch’s postulates were satisfied after reisolating &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; from symptomatic roots of inoculated plants. No disease occurred in 10 controls, similarly inoculated with sterile CA disks, and the pathogen was not recovered from these plants. &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; has only rarely been recovered from several ornamental and woody species (Blomquist et al. 2012; Brasier et al. 2003; Ginetti et al. 2014), but not from fruit trees so far. To our knowledge, this is the first report of &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; infection of almond, which represents a new host for this pathogen. This is also the first record of &lt;em&gt;P. chlamydospora&lt;/em&gt; in Turkey. Within a month, all naturally infected almond trees in this orchard were collapsed and destroyed and the number of infected trees increased dramatically, indicating that it might be a significant threat to almond plantations and orchards, particularly on sites where excess soil water occurs periodically.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tyler, Brett M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tripathy, Sucheta</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Xuemin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dehal, Paramvir</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jiang, Rays H. Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aerts, Andrea</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arredondo, Felipe D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Baxter, Laura</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bensasson, Douda</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Beynon, Jim L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chapman, Jarrod</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Damasceno, Cynthia M. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dorrance, Anne E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dou, Daolong</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dickerman, Allan W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Dubchak, Inna L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Garbelotto, Matteo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gijzen, Mark</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gordon, Stuart G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Govers, Francine</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grunwald, Niklaus J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Huang, Wayne</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ivors, Kelly L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jones, Richard W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kamoun, Sophien</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krampis, Konstantinos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lamour, Kurt H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lee, Mi-Kyung</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">McDonald, W. Hayes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Medina, M√&gt;=nica</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Meijer, Harold J. G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nordberg, Eric K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maclean, Donald J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ospina-Giraldo, Manuel D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Morris, Paul F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phuntumart, Vipaporn</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Putnam, Nicholas H.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rash, Sam</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rose, Jocelyn K. C.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sakihama, Yasuko</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Salamov, Asaf A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Savidor, Alon</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Scheuring, Chantel F.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smith, Brian M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sobral, Bruno W. S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Terry, Astrid</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Torto-Alalibo, Trudy A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Win, Joe</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Xu, Zhanyou</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhang, Hongbin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Grigoriev, Igor V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rokhsar, Daniel S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boore, Jeffrey L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora genome sequences uncover evolutionary origins and mechanisms of pathogenesis</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Science</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencemag.org/content/313/5791/1261.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5791</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">313</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1261-1266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Draft genome sequences have been determined for the soybean pathogen &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora sojae&lt;/em&gt; and the sudden oak death pathogen &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt;. Oomycetes such as these &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species share the kingdom &lt;em&gt;Stramenopila&lt;/em&gt; with photosynthetic algae such as diatoms, and the presence of many &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; genes of probable phototroph origin supports a photosynthetic ancestry for the stramenopiles. Comparison of the two species’ genomes reveals a rapid expansion and diversification of many protein families associated with plant infection such as hydrolases, ABC transporters, protein toxins, proteinase inhibitors, and, in particular, a superfamily of 700 proteins with similarity to known oomycete avirulence genes.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>