<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Redondo, Miguel A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Boberg, Johanna</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Olsson, Christer H. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Oliva, Jonàs</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Winter Conditions Correlate with Phytophthora alni Subspecies Distribution in Southern Sweden</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytopathology</style></short-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Alnus spp.</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">invasiveness</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora plurivora</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-09-2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTO-01-15-0020-R</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">105</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1191 - 1197</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;During the last century, the number of forest pathogen invasions has increased substantially. Environmental variables can play a crucial role in determining the establishment of invasive species. The objective of the present work was to determine the correlation between winter climatic conditions and distribution of two subspecies of the invasive forest pathogen &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni&lt;/em&gt;: &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subspp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt; killing black alder (&lt;em&gt;Alnus glutinosa&lt;/em&gt;) in southern Sweden. It is known from laboratory experiments that &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; is more pathogenic than &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt;, and that &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; is sensitive to low temperatures and long frost periods. By studying the distribution of these two subspecies at the northern limit of the host species, we could investigate whether winter conditions can affect the geographical distribution of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; spreading northward. Sixteen major river systems of southern Sweden were systematically surveyed and isolations were performed from active cankers. The distribution of the two studied subspecies was highly correlated with winter temperature and duration of periods with heavy frost. While &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt; covered the whole range of temperatures of the host, &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; was recovered in areas subjected to milder winter temperatures and shorter frost periods. Our observations suggest that winter conditions can play an important role in limiting &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; establishment in cold locations, thus affecting the distribution of the different subspecies of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; in boreal regions.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue></record></records></xml>