<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud Ioos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axelle Andrieux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">BenoÓt MarÁais</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascal Frey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Genetic characterization of the natural hybrid species Phytophthora alni as inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Fungal Genetics and Biology</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Interspecific hybridization</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6WFV-4JS1TK3-1/2/aead0efc6dc22a393ebadec5b3211855</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">43</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">511 - 529</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The different subspecies of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni, P. alni subsp. alni&lt;/em&gt; (Paa), &lt;em&gt;P. alni subsp. uniformis (Pau)&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;P. alni subsp. multiformis&lt;/em&gt; (Pam), are recent and widespread pathogens of alder in Europe. They are believed to be a group of emergent heteroploid hybrids between two phylogenetically close &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA analyses were performed, using a broad collection of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; and two closely related species, &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. fragariae&lt;/em&gt;. (Paa) possesses three different alleles for each of the nuclear genes we studied, two of which are present in Pam as well, whereas the third matches the single allele present in Pau. Moreover, Paa displays common mtDNA patterns with both Pam and Pau. A combination of the data suggests that Paa may have been generated on several occasions by hybridization between Pam and Pau, or their respective ancestors. Pau might have &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; as a species ancestor, whereas Pam seems to have either been generated itself by an ancient reticulation or by autopolyploidization.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud Ioos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Barrés, Beno{\^ıt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axelle Andrieux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascal Frey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Characterization of microsatellite markers in the interspecific hybrid Phytophthora alni ssp. alni, and cross-amplification with related taxa</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Molecular Ecology Notes</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">genotyping</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">oomycete</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">polyploidy</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01554.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">133–137</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni&lt;/em&gt; ssp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; is an interspecific hybrid oomycete causing a large-scale decay of alders throughout Europe. In this study we developed a set of 10 microsatellite markers that shows promise for population studies and for studying hybridization events between the parental species of the hybrid. Moreover, the genotype and the ploidy of the different subspecies of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; might be inferred from the quantitative ratio of amplified genome-specific alleles. Nine primer pairs cross amplified with the related species &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cambivora&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora fragariae&lt;/em&gt; and yielded distinct alleles.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud Ioos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Husson, Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axelle Andrieux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascal Frey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">SCAR–based PCR primers to detect the hybrid pathogen Phytophthora alni and its subspecies causing alder disease in Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">European Journal of Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2005</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10658-005-6233-2</style></url></web-urls></urls><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Springer Netherlands</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">112</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">323-335</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Since the 1990s, a new &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species hybrid has been jeopardizing the natural population of alders throughout Europe. This new &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora, P. alni&lt;/em&gt;, has been suggested as a natural hybrid between two closely related species of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt;. Little is known about the epidemiology of this pathogen, because its direct isolation is not always satisfactory. In this study we developed three pairs of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers derived from Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions (SCAR) that allow discrimination among the three subspecies of &lt;em&gt;P. alni: P. alni subsp. alni, P. alni subsp. uniformis&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. alni subsp. multiformis&lt;/em&gt;. These molecular tools were successfully used to detect &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; directly in different substrates such as infested river water and soil, and necrotic alder bark, without the need for any prior baiting or isolation stages. An Internal Amplification Control (IAC) was included to help discriminate against false negative samples due to the potential presence of inhibitory compounds in DNA extracts. These molecular tools should be useful for epidemiological studies on this emerging disease.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10.1007/s10658-005-6233-2</style></notes></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Renaud Ioos</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Panabières, Franck</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Industri, Beno{\^ıt</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Axelle Andrieux</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pascal Frey</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Distribution and expression of elicitin genes in the interspecific hybrid oomycete Phytophthora alni</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appl. Environ. Microbiol.</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://aem.asm.org/content/73/17/5587.abstract</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">73</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5587-5597</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;multiformis&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt; are responsible for alder disease in Europe. Class I and II elicitin gene patterns of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;multiformis&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt;, and the phylogenetically close species &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. fragariae&lt;/em&gt; were studied through mRNA sequencing and 3' untranslated region (3'UTR)-specific PCRs and sequencing. The occurrence of multiple 3'UTR sequences in association with identical elicitin-encoding sequences in &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; indicated duplication/recombination events. The mRNA pattern displayed by &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; demonstrated that elicitin genes from all the parental genomes are actually expressed in this allopolyploid taxon. The complementary elicitin patterns resolved confirmed the possible involvement of &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;multiformis&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;uniformis&lt;/em&gt; in the genesis of the hybrid species &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; subsp. &lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt;. The occurrence of multiple and common elicitin gene sequences throughout &lt;em&gt;P. cambivora&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;P. fragariae&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;P. alni&lt;/em&gt; sensu lato, not observed in other &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species, suggests that duplication of these genes occurred before the radiation of these species.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>