<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Streito, Jean-Claude</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Delatour, Claude</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Confirmation of Phytophthora lateralis in Europe</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1999</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-06-1999</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS.1999.83.6.587B</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">587 - 587</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora lateralis&lt;/em&gt;, a pathogen of &lt;em&gt;Chamaecyparis lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt; (Port-Orford cedar or Lawson's cypress), was confirmed in France, but isolates from Germany identified as &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; or “similar to” &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; proved to be &lt;em&gt;P. gonapodyides&lt;/em&gt;. Previously, &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; was known only from western North America, where it has been destructive in nurseries, ornamental plantings, and the forest since its introduction about 1920 (1). Reports from other locations have proved to be misidentifications or impossible to confirm. In France, &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; was isolated and identified from &lt;em&gt;C. lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt; on two occasions (1996 and 1998) in different parts of the country, probably stemming from a single original infestation of young, potted, greenhouse-propagated cedars in a commercial nursery. German isolates were from an old culture collection and from irrigation water in a nursery growing a wide range of woody ornamentals. Identifications were confirmed by comparison (2) with authentic isolates. &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; isolates from France and Oregon formed laterally proliferating, elongated obpyriform sporangia that under the conditions of our tests could be dislodged by agitation, leaving a short pedicel. Also, brown chlamydospores formed laterally on the hyphae or terminally on a short stalk and oospores were not formed on standard media. Radial growth was about 2 mm per day. In contrast, sporangia of German isolates and known &lt;em&gt;P. gonapodyides&lt;/em&gt; isolates were similar. They exhibited nested pro liferation, were broader than &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; sporangia, and were not readily dehiscent. Some &lt;em&gt;P. gonapodyides&lt;/em&gt; isolates, including those from Germany, formed chlamydospores, but these were nearly all catenulate and not lateral, and isolates grew faster (3 to 4 mm per day). Pathogenicity was tested by stem inoculation of &lt;em&gt;C. lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; from France and Oregon produced lesions averaging 4.7 cm after 2 months (range 2.0 to 8.1 cm, six replicates per isolate, five isolates) while the six replicates of the two German isolates averaged 1.2- and 1.6-cm lesion lengths. Furthermore, sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA from French and Oregon &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; isolates were identical, while sequences of German isolates were similar to &lt;em&gt;P. gonapodyides&lt;/em&gt; (J. Duncan and D. Cooke, &lt;em&gt;personal communiation&lt;/em&gt;). &lt;em&gt;P. lateralis&lt;/em&gt; is a dangerous pathogen of &lt;em&gt;C. lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt; and is also pathogenic to &lt;em&gt;Taxus&lt;/em&gt; spp. (1), although less aggressive on this host. If established, it would be a serious threat to the widespread ornamental plantings and scattered forest plantations of &lt;em&gt;C. lawsoniana&lt;/em&gt; in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></issue></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hansen, E. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Reeser, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sutton, W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gardner, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Williams, N.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Report of Phytophthora pluvialis Causing Needle Loss and Shoot Dieback on Douglas-fir in Oregon and New Zealand</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2015</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-05-2015</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-09-14-0943-PDN</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">99</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">727 - 727</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Douglas-fir (DF, &lt;em&gt;Pseudotsuga menziesii&lt;/em&gt;) is the most important forest tree in Oregon and is the second most valuable conifer in New Zealand. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was described (&lt;a id=&quot;b2&quot; class=&quot;ref bibr&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Reeser et al. 2013) from mixed evergreen forests in southwest Oregon. It was subsequently identified as the cause of red needle cast of radiata pine in New Zealand (&lt;a id=&quot;b1&quot; class=&quot;ref bibr&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Dick et al. 2014). There it was also isolated from chlorotic DF needles that dislodged readily from trees growing close to diseased radiata pine. In spring 2014, raintraps baited with rhododendron leaves were paired with nine 2-year-old DF seedlings at three or four locations in each of three 20- to 30-year-old DF plantations in western Oregon (11 raintraps and 99 seedlings total); control raintraps and seedlings were at two sites with no overstory (two raintraps and 18 seedlings total). Baits were collected at 2-week intervals and plated in corn meal agar (CMA) amended with natamycin, ampicillin, and rifamycin SV (CARP, &lt;a id=&quot;b2&quot; class=&quot;ref bibr&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Reeser et al. 2013). Symptomatic tissues from the seedlings were surface disinfested and plated in CARP. &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was identified by sequencing the mitochondrial &lt;em&gt;cox&lt;/em&gt; spacer region. Zoospores or sporangia produced from Oregon DF isolate 3661-NDL-041514 (GenBank KM491217) were used to inoculate four 2-year-old DF seedlings. Sporangia were induced by flooding cultures grown in pea broth with filtered stream water; zoospore release was stimulated by chilling. About 20 ml of inoculum was applied to DF seedlings using an airbrush sprayer. Two control seedlings were sprayed with filtered stream water. Inoculum contained 200 to 300 sporangia/ml or 5 × 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; zoospores/ml. Inoculated trees were enclosed in polyethylene bags for 48 h with supplemental mist and incubated in a growth chamber at 16 to 18°C with 12-h photoperiod. Symptomatic tissues were collected starting at 14 days, surface disinfested, and plated in CARP. Isolates were collected and identified as above. &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was isolated from baits in nine of the 11 raintraps and from 54% of seedlings across all three plantations. All isolations from control sites were negative. Overstory trees exhibited thin crowns from needle loss. Symptoms on seedlings included partial needle loss of 1- and 2-year-old needles and irregular mottled needle chlorosis. &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was isolated from needles on 54% of the seedlings associated with positive raintraps. Isolation success from individual symptomatic needles from locations where raintraps were positive was ∼13%. Twig symptoms were not visible on overstory trees, but trees were not felled for close examination. Twig symptoms on seedlings included tip dieback and stem lesions extending from bud scars. Twig symptoms developed on 37% of seedlings from locations with positive raintraps; &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was isolated from 47% of these twig lesions. Needle and twig symptoms similar to those on naturally infected seedlings developed on artificially inoculated seedlings and &lt;em&gt;P. pluvialis&lt;/em&gt; was isolated from seedlings inoculated with both sporangia and zoospores, but not from control seedlings. This is the first report of a foliar &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species on DF. There is as yet little information on epidemiology or impact in the forest in Oregon. In New Zealand, DF defoliation was most evident in plantations growing close to radiata pine plantations on sites prone to red needle cast.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue></record></records></xml>