<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bregant, Carlo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sanna, Gian Paolo</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Bottos, Adriano</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Maddau, Lucia</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Montecchio, Lucio</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Linaldeddu, Benedetto T.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Diversity and Pathogenicity of Phytophthora Species Associated with Declining Alder Trees in Italy and Description of Phytophthora alpina sp. nov</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forests</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2020</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aug-05-2020</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/11/8/848/htm</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">11</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">848</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Extensive decline and mortality events of alder trees have recently been observed in several riparian ecosystems in Italy. Since there is little information about the aetiology of this disease and given the high ecological relevance of riparian ecosystems, an in-depth study was conducted in three sites spanning from the Mediterranean to Alpine regions. From spring 2019 to spring 2020, 261 samples of bleeding cankers, rhizosphere soil and leaves used as baits along waterways were collected and used for &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/span&gt; isolation. Based on morphology, colony appearance and DNA sequence data, 10 species belonging to 6 clades were identified. These included &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. plurivora&lt;/span&gt; (84 isolates), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. pseudocryptogea&lt;/span&gt; (50), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. hydropathica&lt;/span&gt; (18), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. gonapodyides&lt;/span&gt; (14), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. bilorbang&lt;/span&gt; (13), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. pseudosyringae&lt;/span&gt; (12), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. lacustris&lt;/span&gt; (11), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. acerina&lt;/span&gt; (7), &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. cactorum&lt;/span&gt; (1) and one isolate of the hybrid &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora ×serendipita&lt;/span&gt;. In addition, two new &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/span&gt; species, one of which is described here as &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora alpina&lt;/span&gt; sp. nov., were isolated. The pathogenicity of &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;P. alpina&lt;/span&gt; and other species obtained from samples collected in the green alder stand was assessed on 3-year-old seedlings. All species proved to be pathogenic on green alder causing symptoms congruent with field observations. Results obtained have allowed us to expand knowledge about alder decline aetiology. The diversity of pathogenicity of &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/span&gt; species associated with symptomatic alder trees suggested that no single agent is responsible for the disease, but that it is the result of multiple infections of different &lt;span class=&quot;html-italic&quot;&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/span&gt; species, variable in assemblages among sites.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">8</style></issue></record></records></xml>