<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ginetti, B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Carmignani, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ragazzi, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moricca, S.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">PhytophthoraTaxon Pgchlamydo is a Cause of Shoot Blight and Root and Collar Rot of Viburnum tinus in Italy</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-10-2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PDIS-03-14-0282-PDN</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1432 - 1432</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;The quarantine pathogen &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; has recently been found on dying &lt;em&gt;Viburnum tinus&lt;/em&gt; in the nursery area of Pistoia, central Italy (43°56′0″ N, 11°1′0″ E) (3). As part of a surveillance program aimed at detecting &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; in this area, the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo was consistently found associated with symptomatic &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt;. The crowns of these plants were wilted, and some plants also showed root and collar rot and underbark necrosis. Water courses adjacent to the nursery with the infected &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; were tested for the pathogen. Samples from seven symptomatic plants were placed on a selective V8A-PARPNH medium within 24 h from sampling. Tissue pieces (2 mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) of 12 baits (apple fruits) exposed for a week in water bodies were plated on the same medium. Cottony colonies arose after 2 to 3 days of incubation at 23°C in the dark and were transferred to potato dextrose agar (PDA) in purity. Mycelial DNA was extracted with a commercial kit (Sigma-Aldrich). The rDNA ITS region and a portion of the mtDNA &lt;em&gt;cox&lt;/em&gt;1 gene were PCR-amplified and the amplicons digested with the restriction enzymes &lt;em&gt;Msp&lt;/em&gt;I and &lt;em&gt;Alu&lt;/em&gt;I (for the ITS region) and &lt;em&gt;Rsa&lt;/em&gt;I (for the &lt;em&gt;cox&lt;/em&gt;1 gene region). Isolates R7 from &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt;, and ES2M5, ES2M11, and ES1M12 from the water bodies belonged to the same taxon based on restriction analysis of both DNA regions coupled with ITS-rDNA sequence homology (GenBank Accession Nos. KJ396773 to 76). A BLAST search in GenBank found that all isolates had a 99% identity in the ITS-rDNA with the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; ITS Clade 6 member &lt;em&gt;P.&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo. Sporangia produced after incubation in filtered pond water for 24 h were mostly ovoid (sometimes obpyriform), non-papillate, non-caducous. Some sporangia were emptied with external proliferation and had hyphal swellings. Thirty sporangia were measured and averaged 42.4 ± 6.2 × 29.9 ± 3.5 μm (range 30.0 to 56.1 × 22.5 to 38.0), with a length/width ratio of 1.4 ± 0.2 (1.2 to 2.0), and exit pores of 11.7 ± 1.5 μm (9.0 to 14.6). Optimum colony growth on V8A at 30°C was 4.4 ± 0.4 mm day&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, and the maximum temperature for growth was 32°C. Inoculation on twigs of &lt;em&gt;Fagus sylvatica&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; produced necrotic lesions of 2.6 ± 0.5 cm (2.1 to 3.5) and 4.7± 0.5 cm (3.8 to 5.6) respectively after 3 weeks of incubation at 23°C in the dark. Inoculation on &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; leaves resulted in lesions averaging 3.3 ± 1.1 × 2.1 ± 0.6 cm (range 2 to 5 × 1.5 to 3) after 2 weeks of incubation at 23°C in the dark. Control plant material showed no symptoms.The &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxon Pgchlamydo has been reported on several ornamental and woody species, including &lt;em&gt;Arctostaphylos&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Camellia&lt;/em&gt; spp., &lt;em&gt;Laurus nobilis, Buxus sempervirens, Rhododendron&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Arbutus unedo, Prunus&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;Pseudotsuga&lt;/em&gt; sp., and &lt;em&gt;Sequoia sempervirens&lt;/em&gt;, in North America and Europe (1,2). This is the first report, to our knowledge, of this taxon on &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; in Italy. &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; is widely sold in European nurseries, and it is also one of the most common hosts of &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; (4). The fact that &lt;em&gt;V. tinus&lt;/em&gt; is a host for both oomycetes, and the two microorganisms induce a similar symptomology (wilt), might complicate the control efforts of the phytosanitary inspection services aimed at restricting &lt;em&gt;P. ramorum&lt;/em&gt; foci in Europe.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">10</style></issue></record></records></xml>