<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Harris, A. R.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Webber, J. F.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sporulation potential, symptom expression and detection of Phytophthora ramorum on larch needles and other foliar hosts</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathology</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Pathol</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2016</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-12-2016</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">https://doi.org/10.1111/ppa.12538 </style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">65</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1441 - 1451</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt; has caused extensive dieback and mortality of commercially grown Japanese larch (&lt;em&gt;Larix kaempferi&lt;/em&gt;) in many parts of the UK, as infected foliage generates spores that then cause bark lesions and girdling cankers on trees. Following inoculation, individual needles of Japanese, European (&lt;em&gt;L.&amp;nbsp;decidua&lt;/em&gt;) and hybrid (&lt;em&gt;L.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/em&gt;×&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;eurolepis&lt;/em&gt;) larch infected with &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; can produce thousands of sporangia. Mean numbers of sporangia ranged from 806 to 1778 per cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (hybrid larch and Japanese larch, respectively), surpassing mean sporulation levels on foliar hosts previously associated with &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; outbreaks in Britain, namely &lt;em&gt;Rhododendron ponticum&lt;/em&gt;,&lt;em&gt; Castanea sativa&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;Vaccinium myrtillus&lt;/em&gt;. Sporulation on larch even exceeded that of California bay laurel (&lt;em&gt;Umbellularia californica&lt;/em&gt;), which drives the sudden oak death epidemic in California. Inoculation of foliage selected at different times of year revealed that foliage age significantly affected sporulation levels, but this varied with host species. However, symptom development and sporulation were often not correlated. Symptoms on larch were frequently insignificant or even absent at certain times of year, with sometimes the only evidence of infection being the emergence of sporangia from needles, without any sign of discolouration or necrosis. Plating infected but symptomless needles onto &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; selective medium also often failed to yield the pathogen. Symptomless infection of larch needles apparently occurs, but is only detectable with microscopy. More generally, it is suggested that diagnosis of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; infection in conifers is often underestimated due to isolation difficulties and delayed symptom expression.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">9</style></issue></record></records></xml>