<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rooney-Latham, S.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blomquist, C. L.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">First Report of Root and Stem Rot Caused by Phytophthora tentaculata on Mimulus aurantiacus in North America</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Plant Disease</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2014</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jan-07-2014</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/abs/10.1094/PDIS-09-13-1002-PDN</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">98</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">996 - 996</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Sticky monkey flower plant, &lt;em&gt;Mimulus aurantiacus&lt;/em&gt; (Phrymaceae), is a small, perennial shrub that is widely distributed throughout California, especially in coastal and disturbed habitats. It is also found in native plantings in parks and landscapes. In October 2012, nearly all the &lt;em&gt;M. aurantiacus&lt;/em&gt; plants grown in a Monterey County, CA nursery for a restoration project were stunted and had dull, yellowish leaves. Roots and stem collars had necrotic, sunken lesions with few feeder roots. Thirty percent of the plants had died. Samples of diseased plants were sent to the CDFA-PPDC Lab and tested positive for &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; sp. using the Agdia ELISA &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; kit (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). A &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; sp. was consistently isolated from the tissue on corn meal agar-PARP (CMA-PARP) (2). Sporangia were spherical to ovoid, papillate to bipapillate and 17 to 42.5 (avg. 27.5) × 12 to 35 (avg. 22.9) μm, with a length/breadth ratio of 1.2:1. Chlamydospores, which were spherical, terminal to intercalary, thin walled and 27.5 to 40 μm, and hyphal swellings formed on CMA-PARP. Spherical oospores, 25 to 36 μm, with primarily paragynous antheridia formed readily on V8 juice agar. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates (GenBank KF667505), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4, were 100% identical to &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; (CBS 552.96, GenBank AF266775) by a BLAST query (1,3). To assess pathogenicity, exposed root crowns of three 3.78-liter potted &lt;em&gt;M. aurantiacus&lt;/em&gt; plants were inoculated with 20 ml of zoospore suspension (2 × 10&lt;sup&gt;4&lt;/sup&gt; ml&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Plants were maintained in a 23°C growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod and watered daily. Sterile water was applied to the exposed crowns of three control plants. At 2 weeks, all inoculated plants were wilted with chlorotic foliage. After 3 weeks, the cortical tissue of the crowns and roots was discolored and sloughing and &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; was recovered on CMA-PARP. &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; did not grow from the asymptomatic control plants. Inoculations were repeated with similar results. &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; is a homothallic species in &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; clade 1 that causes crown, root, and stalk rot of nursery plants in Europe and China (1,4). A USDA PERAL analysis lists it as one of the top 5 &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species of concern to the United States (4). Genera infected with &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; include &lt;em&gt;Apium, Aucklandia, Chicorium, Chrysanthemum, Delphinium, Gerbera, Lavandula, Santolina, Origanum&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Verbena&lt;/em&gt; (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; in North America. The source of inoculum of &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; in California remains unknown. The nursery used seed and cuttings of &lt;em&gt;M. aurantiacus&lt;/em&gt; from nearby native areas for propagation, and &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; was not found in neighboring plant hosts or by baiting soil and water at the nursery. All infected &lt;em&gt;M. aurantiacus&lt;/em&gt; material was destroyed. The presence of &lt;em&gt;P. tentaculata&lt;/em&gt; in California nurseries could have serious economic impacts on the nursery industry and environmental impacts on susceptible native hosts, if spread into the wildlands.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">7</style></issue></record></records></xml>