<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Orlikowski, L.B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ptaszek, M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rodziewicz, A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nechwatal, J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Thinggaard, K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">T. Jung</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phytophthora root and collar rot of mature Fraxinus excelsior in forest stands in Poland and Denmark</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Forest Pathology</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2011</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2011.00714.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">6</style></number><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Blackwell Publishing Ltd</style></publisher><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">41</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">510–519</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;In recent years, Common ash (&lt;em&gt;Fraxinus excelsior&lt;/em&gt;) throughout Europe has been severely impacted by a leaf and twig dieback caused by the hyphomycete &lt;em&gt;Chalara fraxinea&lt;/em&gt;. The reasons for its current devastating outbreak, however, still remain unclear. Here, we report the presence of four &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxa in declining ash stands in Poland and Denmark. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora cactorum&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora plurivora&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; taxon salixsoil and &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora gonapodyides&lt;/em&gt; were isolated from rhizosphere soil samples and necrotic bark lesions on stems and roots of mature declining ash trees in four stands. The first three species proved to be aggressive to abscised roots, twigs and leaves of &lt;em&gt;F. excelsior&lt;/em&gt; in inoculation experiments. Soil infestation tests also confirmed their pathogenicity towards fine and feeder roots of ash seedlings. Our results provide first evidence for an involvement of &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species as a contributing factor in current decline phenomena of &lt;em&gt;F. excelsior&lt;/em&gt; across Europe. Specifically, they may act as a predisposing factor for trees subsequently infected by &lt;em&gt;C. fraxinea&lt;/em&gt;. &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species from ash stands also proved to be aggressive towards a wide range of tree and shrub species commonly associated with &lt;em&gt;F. excelsior&lt;/em&gt; in mixed stands. Although damage varied considerably depending on the &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; species/isolate-host plant combination, these results show that many woody species may be a potential source for survival and inoculum build-up of soilborne &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora&lt;/em&gt; spp. in ash stands and forest ecosystems in general.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>