<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kong, Ping</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lea-Cox, John D.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Moorman, Gary W.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hong, Chuanxue</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Survival of Phytophthora alni, Phytophthora kernoviae, and Phytophthora ramorum in a simulated aquatic environment at different levels of pH</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">FEMS Microbiology Letters</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">quarantine Phytophthora species</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">water pH</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">zoospore survival</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2012</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">07/2012</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2012.02574.x</style></url></web-urls></urls><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">332</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">54–60</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Phytophthora ramorum&lt;/em&gt;, &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora alni&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;Phytophthora kernoviae&lt;/em&gt; present significant threats to biosecurity. As zoosporic oomycetes, these plant pathogens may spread through natural waterways and irrigation systems. However, survival of these pathogens in aquatic systems in response to water quality is not well understood. In this study, we investigated their zoospore survival at pH 3–11 in a 10% Hoagland’s solution over a 14-day period. The results showed that all three pathogens were most stable at pH 7, although the populations declined overnight irrespective of pH. Extended survival of these species depended on the tolerance of pH of their germinants. Germinants of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;alni&lt;/em&gt; ssp.&amp;nbsp;&lt;em&gt;alni&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt; were more basic tolerant (pH 5–11), while those of &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;kernoviae&lt;/em&gt; were more acidic tolerant (pH 3–9). These tolerant germinants formed compact hyphae or secondary sporangia to allow longer survival of these pathogens. Long-term survival at a broad pH range suggests that these pathogens, especially &lt;em&gt;P.&amp;nbsp;ramorum&lt;/em&gt;, are adapted to an aquatic environment and pose a threat to new production areas through water dispersal.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract></record></records></xml>