02841nas a2200205 4500008004100000022001400041245014500055210006900200260001200269300001400281490000700295520206200302100002302364700002202387700002502409700001702434700002502451700002602476856013302502 2009 eng d a0191-291700aRe-evaluation of Phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of vegetation health surveys in western Australia using molecular techniques0 aReevaluation of Phytophthora species isolated during 30 years of c03/2009 a215 - 2230 v933 a

For 30 years, large-scale aerial photography has been used to map the extent of Phytophthora dieback disease in native forests in the southwest of Western Australia, with validation of the observations involving routine testing of soil and root samples for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi. In addition to P. cinnamomi, six morpho-species have been identified using this technique: P. citricola, P. megasperma, P. cryptogea, P. drechsleri, P. nicotianae, and P. boehmeriae. In recent years, many new Phytophthora species have been described worldwide, often with similar morphology to existing species; thus, as many of the isolates collected in Western Australia have been difficult to identify based on morphology, molecular identification of the morpho-species is required. Based on amplification of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA gene, sequence data of more than 230 isolates were compared with those of existing species and undescribed taxa. P. inundata, P. asparagi, P. taxon PgChlamydo, P. taxon personii, and P. taxon niederhauserii were identified based on sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that nine potentially new and undescribed taxa can be distinguished. Several of the new taxa are morphologically indistinguishable from species such as P. citricola, P. drechsleri, and P. megasperma. In some cases, the new taxa are closely related to species with similar morphology (e.g., P.sp.4 and P. citricola). However, the DNA sequences of other new taxa such as P.sp.3 and P.sp.9 show that they are not closely related to morphologically similar species P. drechsleri and P. megasperma, respectively. Most of the new taxa have been associated with dying Banksia spp., while P.sp.2 and P.sp.4 have also been isolated from dying Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah). Some taxa (P.sp.3, 6, and 7) appear to have limited distribution, while others like P.sp.4 are widespread.

1 aBurgess, Treena, I1 aWebster, Janet, L1 aCiampini, Juanita, A1 aWhite, Diane1 aHardy, Giles StJ., E1 aStukely, Michael, J C uhttps://forestphytophthoras.org/references/re-evaluation-phytophthora-species-isolated-during-30-years-vegetation-health-surveys02609nas a2200253 4500008004100000245011400041210006900155260001600224520180700240100002302047700002002070700002502090700002602115700001702141700002502158700001902183700001702202700001702219700001602236700001802252700001602270700002702286856004202313 2016 eng d00aCurrent and projected global distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi, one of the world's worst plant pathogens0 aCurrent and projected global distribution of Phytophthora cinnam cJan-09-20163 a

Globally, Phytophthora cinnamomi is listed as one of the 100 worst invasive alien species and active management is required to reduce impact and prevent spread in both horticulture and natural ecosystems. Conversely, there are regions thought to be suitable for the pathogen where no disease is observed. We developed a CLIMEX model for the global distribution of P. cinnamomi based on the pathogen's response to temperature and moisture and by incorporating extensive empirical evidence on the presence and absence of the pathogen. The CLIMEX model captured areas of climatic suitability where P. cinnamomi occurs that is congruent with all available records. The model was validated by the collection of soil samples from asymptomatic vegetation in areas projected to be suitable by the model for which there were few records. DNA was extracted and the presence or absence of P. cinnamomi determined by high throughput sequencing (HTS). While not detected using traditional isolation methods, HTS detected P. cinnamomi at higher elevations in eastern Australia and central Tasmania as projected by the CLIMEX model. Further support for the CLIMEX model was obtained by using the large dataset from southwest Australia where the proportion of positive records in an area is related to the Ecoclimatic Index value for the same area. We provide for the first time a comprehensive global map of the current P. cinnamomi distribution, an improved CLIMEX model of the distribution, and a projection to 2080 of the distribution with predicted climate change. This information provides the basis for more detailed regional scale modelling and supports risk assessment for governments to plan management of this important soil-borne plant pathogen.

1 aBurgess, Treena, I1 aScott, John, K.1 aMcDougall, Keith, L.1 aStukely, Michael, J C1 aCrane, Colin1 aDunstan, William, A.1 aBrigg, Frances1 aAndjic, Vera1 aWhite, Diane1 aRudman, Tim1 aArentz, Frans1 aOta, Noboru1 aHardy, Giles, E. St.J. u http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13492 02407nas a2200229 4500008004100000022001400041245009100055210006900146260001600215490001500231520166200246100002301908700002701931700001601958700002101974700001801995700001902013700002102032700001602053700002802069856008002097 2020 eng d a0032-086200aTowards a best practice methodology for the detection of Phytophthora species in soils0 aTowards a best practice methodology for the detection of Phytoph cNov-07-20200 vEarly view3 a

The genus Phytophthora contains species that are major pathogens worldwide, affecting a multitude of plant species across agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and natural ecosystems. Here, we concentrate on those species that are dispersed through soil and water, attacking the roots of the plants, causing them to rot and die. The intention of this study was to compare the soil baiting protocol developed by the Centre for Phytophthora Science and Management (CPSM) with two other baiting methods used in Australia. The aim was to demonstrate the effectiveness of each protocol for soil baiting Phytophthora species in different substrates. Three experiments were conducted: the first to test the sensitivity of each method to detect Phytophthora cinnamomi, the second to test the effect of substrate type (sand or loam), and the third to test the detection of species (P. cinnamomi, P. multivora, or P. pseudocryptogea). The specificity of different plant species baits was compared within and between the methods. Substrate type influenced isolation in all methods; however, the CPSM method was superior regardless of substrate, albeit slower than one of the other methods for one substrate. Comparing bait species between the three methods, Quercus ilex was the most attractive bait for P. cinnamomi, particularly in the CPSM method. The choice of protocol affected the isolation associated with each bait type. Overall, the multiple bait system used by CPSM was shown to provide the most sensitive and reliable detection of Phytophthora species from soil samples.

1 aBurgess, Treena, I1 aLópez‐Villamor, án1 aPaap, Trudy1 aWilliams, Briony1 aBelhaj, Rajah1 aCrone, Michael1 aDunstan, William1 aHoward, Kay1 aHardy, Giles, E. St. J. uhttps://bsppjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ppa.13312?af=R