02339nas a2200205 4500008004100000245012100041210006900162260001200231300001400243520168700257100001301944700001601957700002001973700002001993700001402013700001202027700001402039700001402053856006602067 2013 eng d00aA taxonomic re-evaluation reveals that Phytophthora cinnamomi and P. cinnamomi var. parvispora are separate species0 ataxonomic reevaluation reveals that Phytophthora cinnamomi and P c07/2013 an/a - n/a3 a

Between 2008 and 2011, severe dieback associated with root and collar rot was reported on Arbutus unedo in several sites in Sardinia, Italy. Isolations from infected tissues and rhizosphere soil samples consistently yielded a Phytophthora species. It was initially identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi var. parvispora Kröber and Marwitz by comparing morphological features with the original description and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences with those present in GenBank. A multigene phylogeny based on DNA sequence data from two nuclear (ITS and β-tubulin) and two mitochondrial (cox1 and cox2) gene regions combined with extensive morphological and physiological properties of these isolates, including the ex-type culture of P. cinnamomi var. parvispora, demonstrates that this taxon is unique and it is redesignated here as Phytophthora parvispora sp. nov. Although morphologically similar to P. cinnamomi, P. parvispora differs by its smaller-sized sporangia, chlamydospores, oogonia and oospores, higher oospore wall index, single-celled antheridia, higher minimum and maximum temperatures for growth and faster growth at optimum temperature. In the phylogeny, P. parvispora falls within Phytophthora ITS clade 7a, grouped in a well-supported clade sister to P. cinnamomi. In pathogenicity tests, P. parvispora and P. cinnamomi were equally aggressive towards A. unedo seedlings. The possible geographic origin of P. parvispora is also discussed.

1 aScanu, B1 aHunter, G C1 aLinaldeddu, B T1 aFranceschini, A1 aMaddau, L1 aJung, T1 aDenman, S1 aAndrea, V uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/efp.12064/abstract01365nas a2200205 4500008004100000245007000041210006900111260001200180300001400192490000700206520076200213100001300975700002000988700002001008700001501028700001501043700001901058700001601077856006601093 2013 eng d00aOccurrence of Phytophthora cinnamomi in cork oak forests in Italy0 aOccurrence of Phytophthora cinnamomi in cork oak forests in Ital c08/2013 a340–3430 v433 a

An increasing decline and mortality of cork oak trees have been recently observed in central Italy and Sardinia Island. Following surveys conducted in three declining cork oak forests, a Phytophthora species was consistently isolated from soil samples collected from trees displaying different level of decline. Based on morphological features, growth rates at different temperatures and analysis of DNA sequences of the ITS region, all isolates were identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands. This pathogen caused large brownish lesions on inoculated freshly cut branches of cork oak. It was re-isolated from all infected tissues. These findings represent the first report of P. cinnamomi on cork oak trees in Italy.

1 aScanu, B1 aLinaldeddu, B T1 aFranceschini, A1 aAnselmi, N1 aVannini, A1 aVettraino, A M1 aBelbahri, L uhttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/efp.12039/abstract02559nas a2200145 4500008004100000245014900041210006900190260001600259300001200275490000700287520197400294100001302268700001902281856011302300 2016 eng d00aDieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain: ecology, pathogenicity and sporulation potential of the causal agent Phytophthora pseudosyringae0 aDieback and mortality of Nothofagus in Britain ecology pathogeni cJan-01-2016 a26 - 360 v653 a

Since 2009 extensive dieback and mortality of Nothofagus obliqua, associated with bleeding cankers on stems and branches, has been observed in the UK. The causal agent was identified as Phytophthora pseudosyringae, based on morphological and analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences. Between 2011 and 2013, a survey assessed the frequency and nature of these P. pseudosyringae infections. Mature trees of Nothofagus with stem lesions caused by P. pseudosyringae were found across England, Scotland and Wales. Additional symptoms such as twig blight and leaf necrosis indicated that aerial infection was occurring. Besides N. obliqua, other hosts regularly encountered included Nothofagus alpina, Fagus sylvatica and Vaccinium myrtillus. In pathogenicity tests involving inoculation of logs, P. pseudosyringae was shown to be an aggressive bark pathogen of N. obliqua and F. sylvatica, but significantly less aggressive on N. alpina. Foliage susceptibility and sporulation tests showed marked differences between the six host species tested. Leaves of N. obliqua and V. myrtillus were highly susceptible. Leaves of N. alpina were moderately susceptible, those of Rhododendron ponticum slightly susceptible and those of F. sylvatica not susceptible at all. High levels of sporulation were observed only on inoculated N. obliqua and V. myrtillus leaves. This suggests that P. pseudosyringae may sporulate heavily on N. obliqua foliage in the field and that this inoculum initiates the aerial lesions observed on the shoots, branches and stems. The results also suggest that P. pseudosyringae has the potential to pose a serious threat to N. obliqua and other Nothofagus species in their Southern Hemisphere native ranges.

1 aScanu, B1 aWebber, J., F. uhttp://doi.wiley.com/10.1111/ppa.12399http://api.wiley.com/onlinelibrary/tdm/v1/articles/10.1111%2Fppa.12399