01643nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245003600055210003600091260001200127300001400139490000700153520117500160100002301335700002001358700001801378856007701396       2012                        eng d  a0066-428600aPhytophthora beyond agriculture0 aPhytophthora beyond agriculture  c09/2012  a359 - 3780 v503 a<p>Little is known about indigenous <em>Phytophthora</em> species in natural ecosystems. Increasing evidence, however, suggests that a diverse, trophically complex <em>Phytophthora</em> community is important in many forests. The number of described species has steadily increased, with a dramatic spike in recent years as new species have been split from old and new species have been discovered through exploration of new habitats. Forest soil, streams, and the upper canopies of trees are now being explored for <em>Phytophthora</em> diversity, and a new appreciation for the ecological amplitude of the genus is emerging. Ten to twenty species are regularly identified in temperate forest surveys. Half or more of this <em>Phytophthora</em> diversity comes from species described since 2000. Taxa in internal transcribed spacer (ITS) Clade 6 are especially numerous in forest streams and may be saprophytic in this habitat. Three ecological assemblages of forest <em>Phytophthora</em> species are hypothesized: aquatic opportunists, foliar pathogens, and soilborne fine-root and canker pathogens. Aggressive invasive species are associated with all three groups.</p>1 aHansen, Everett, M1 aReeser, Paul, W1 aSutton, Wendy  uhttp://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-phyto-081211-172946