02000nas a2200169   4500008004100000022001400041245012600055210006900181300000600250520139100256653001801647100002601665700002101691700002601712700002101738856007101759       2012                        eng d  a1754-504800aInhibition of Phytophthora species by secondary metabolites produced by the dark septate endophyte Phialocephala europaea0 aInhibition of Phytophthora species by secondary metabolites prod  a-3 a<p>Dark septate fungal root endophytes of the <em>Phialocephala fortinii</em> s.l.–<em>Acephala applanata</em> species complex (PAC) are widely distributed throughout the temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Previous studies have shown that some PAC members are pathogenic, others suppress oomycete root pathogens and some have no obvious effect on their Norway spruce (<em>Picea abies</em>) host. The activity of 85 PAC isolates against <em>Phytophthora citricola</em> s.l. was investigated by co-culture on plates. We identified a strain of <em>Phialocephala europaea</em> that significantly reduced the growth of <em>P. citricola in&nbsp;vitro</em>. Characterization of its extracellular metabolites resulted in the identification of four major compounds, sclerin, sclerolide, sclerotinin A, and sclerotinin B. These compounds are known for their positive as well as negative effects on plant growth. We found that sclerin and sclerotinin inhibited the growth of <em>P. citricola in&nbsp;vitro</em> at 150&nbsp;μg&nbsp;ml<sup>-1</sup> (\~{}1&nbsp;mM). This is the first report of their production by <em>Phialocephala</em> and of activity of these compounds against an oomycete. Therefore, our data suggest that some PAC might reduce disease resulting from <em>P. citricola</em> by the production of antibiotics and plant growth promoting metabolites.</p>10aSclerotinin A1 aTellenbach, Christoph1 aSumarah, Mark, W1 aGrünig, Christoph, R1 aMiller, David, J  uhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1754504812001286