@article {Brasier2012, title = {Four phenotypically and phylogenetically distinct lineages in Phytophthora lateralis}, journal = {Fungal Biology}, year = {2012}, pages = {-}, abstract = {

Until recently Phytophthora lateralis was known only as the cause of dieback and mortality of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana in its native range in the Pacific Northwest. Since the 1990s however disease outbreaks have occurred increasingly on ornamental C. lawsoniana in Europe; and in 2007 the pathogen was discovered in soil around old growth C. obtusa in Taiwan, where it may be endemic. When the phenotypes of over 150 isolates of P. lateralis from Taiwan, across the Pacific Northwest (British Columbia to California) and from France, the Netherlands and the UK were compared three growth rate groups were resolved: one slow growing from Taiwan, one fast growing from the Pacific Northwest and Europe and one of intermediate growth from a small area of the UK. Within these growth groups distinct subtypes were identified based on colony patterns and spore metrics and further discriminated in a multivariate analysis. The assumption that the three main growth groups represented phylogenetic units was tested by comparative sequencing of two mitochondrial and three nuclear genes. This assumption was confirmed. In addition two phenotype clusters within the Taiwan growth group were also shown to be phylogenetically distinct. These four phenotypically and genotypically unique populations are informally designated as the Pacific Northwest lineage, the UK lineage, the Taiwan J lineage and the Taiwan K lineage. Their characteristics and distribution are described and their evolution, taxonomic and plant health significance is discussed.

}, keywords = {Colony pattern, evolution, Growth rate, Multigene phylogeny, Multivariate analysis, Sporangial morphology}, issn = {1878-6146}, doi = {10.1016/j.funbio.2012.10.002}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878614612001717?v=s5}, author = {Clive M. Brasier and Selma Franceschini and Vettraino, Anna Maria and Hansen, Everett M. and Sarah Green and Cecile Robin and Joan F. Webber and Andrea Vannini} } @article {Brasier2005853, title = {Phytophthora kernoviae sp. nov., an invasive pathogen causing bleeding stem lesions on forest trees and foliar necrosis of ornamentals in the UK}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {109}, number = {8}, year = {2005}, pages = {853 - 859}, abstract = {

A new Phytophthora pathogen of trees and shrubs, previously informally designated Phytophthora taxon C, is formally named here as P. kernoviae. P. kernoviae was discovered in late 2003 during surveys of woodlands in Cornwall, south-west England, for the presence of another invasive pathogen, P. ramorum. P. kernoviae is self-fertile (homothallic), having plerotic oogonia, often with distinctly tapered stalks and amphigynous antheridia. It produces papillate sporangia, sometimes markedly asymmetric with medium length pedicels. Its optimum temperature for growth is ca 18 ${\i}nfty$C and upper limit ca 26${\i}nfty$. Currently, P. kernoviae is especially noted for causing bleeding stem lesions on mature Fagus sylvatica and foliar and stem necrosis of Rhododendron ponticum. P. kernoviae is the latest of several invasive tree Phytophthoras recently identified in the UK. Its geographical origins and the possible plant health risk it poses are discussed.

}, issn = {0953-7562}, doi = {DOI: 10.1017/S0953756205003357}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7XMR-4RS503Y-5/2/2264e8910ee36f4e72255d6160ebf9e4}, author = {Clive M. Brasier and Paul A. Beales and KIRK,Susan A. and Denman,Sandra and Joan Rose} } @article {Brasier2003277, title = {Multiple new phenotypic taxa from trees and riparian ecosystems in Phytophthora gonapodyides-P. megasperma ITS Clade 6, which tend to be high-temperature tolerant and either inbreeding or sterile}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {107}, number = {3}, year = {2003}, pages = {277 - 290}, issn = {0953-7562}, doi = {DOI: 10.1017/S095375620300738X}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B7XMR-4RT04VN-6/2/68f2582c518f07f52e7a0db891ca14dd}, author = {Clive M. Brasier and David E.L. Cooke and James M. Duncan and Hansen, Everett M.} } @article {CambridgeJournals:249519, title = {Phytophthora alni sp. nov. and its variants: designation of emerging heteroploid hybrid pathogens spreading on Alnus trees}, journal = {Mycological Research}, volume = {108}, number = {10}, year = {2004}, pages = {1172-1184}, abstract = {

In 1993 a destructive new Phytophthora pathogen of riparian Alnus trees was discovered in the UK and subsequently shown to be present in other parts of Europe. The new Phytophthora comprised a group of emergent heteroploid hybrids, probably between P. cambivora and a species related to P. fragariae. These included a common, near tetraploid standard hybrid, the presumptive allopolyploid; and four scarcer major variant types with chromosome numbers intermediate between diploid and tetraploid, named the Swedish, Dutch, German and UK variants. The standard hybrid type is formally designated here as Phytophthora alni subsp. alni. The Swedish variant is designated as P. alni subsp. uniformis; and the Dutch, German and UK variants collectively as P. alni subsp. multiformis. The properties of the Dutch, German and UK variants within subsp. multiformis are informally described. The problems of designating emergent species hybrids under the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and the reasons for the taxonomic choices made are discussed.

}, doi = {10.1017/S0953756204001005}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0953756204001005}, author = {Clive M. Brasier and Kirk, S.A. and Jose Delcan and David E.L. Cooke and Thomas Jung and Man In{\textquoteright}t Veld, W.A.} }